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By analysing a few dozen statements forming several scales, six types of
attitude (each with its own configuration) were determined - attitudes towards
oneself and others, towards society, and towards the market.
1. MATURE
Keen on socialising, dynamic, with a certain dose of conformism. Clear
rejectors of populism. Distinctly unimpressed by consumption for show.
Coherently reconcile middle-class reliability with a certain amount of moral
tolerance. They reveal the strongest aesthetic fondness. They are also
characterised by a certain (although not hysterical) care of being
fashionable. In market behaviour they clearly reject ethnocentrism, whilst
they quite highly rate quality and trust in a company. They buy what they want,
with common sense, and they don't get into debt. Calm, self-confident, caring
for the family, altogether fulfilled, and not resting on their laurels.
This type is more common in following DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS: better level of
education, the most wealthy, more often in large and medium-sized cities/towns.
2. WINNERS
Clearly in favour of the new (market-based) order. People who are pushing
forwards, regardless of what status they have already achieved. Most often,
however, they are at the threshold of their career. Orientated towards contact
with others, paying attention to their opinion about them. Above all they value
emotions, risk, and battle - but within the rules of the current order, and
therefore they decidedly reject egalitarianism and xenophobia. They have the
greatest moral tolerance and anticlericalism, with a certain dose of cultural
and aesthetic interests. The most dynamic, open, and at the same time the
most consumption-orientated type. They are the most strongly steered by fashion
trends of all types, and appreciate brand products of high quality, not
necessarily Polish. This leads to the strongest neurotic states (only
reaching such an intensity in this group); they borrow to buy, and are then
frequently dissatisfied with their not very sensible decisions.
This type is more common in following DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS: mainly young and
qualified.
3. SCEPTICS
Distance does not mean frustration: thanks to their education and/or inherent
intelligence, these people somehow get by, but they're definitely not the
beneficiaries of the current Polish Republic. They are therefore neither
enthusiasts nor opponents of the current situation. Psychologically they show
an unwillingness to have contacts with many people, they are decidedly
nonconformists, and they seek peace and quiet. In relation to the world around
them, they are independent, individualistic, and show a certain dose of
abnegation and nonchalance. All ideological extremes are alien to them, and
they distinctly reject "modern" consumerism and the "traditional" attitudes of
demand-related populism, religious rigor, or solid middle-class values. They
are completely uninterested in fashion and practical jobs in the home. On the
market they buy mainly what they really want, but without pleasure. They feel no
obligation to buy only Polish goods. Deep inside, as a background to their
attitudes, are inoffensively declared values such as tolerance and
understanding, quality as in opposition to trash, and beauty as an aesthetic
value.
This type is more common in following DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS: Middle-aged and
older, rather well-educated, and average income.
4. HOME TURF
A homely Polish pragmatic. Not succumbing to any leading idea, but
orientated towards concrete mundane goals. Any more general views expressed are
torn between populist resentment and middle-class stability. Full of reserve
towards the market world, and also against the church's interference in public
life. They like doing things which conform to their tastes, but they
certainly don't have to be fashionable. In their market behaviour they are
prudent, self-confident, and they don't buy for show. Convinced that they don't
make mistakes when buying, they choose what is Polish. An argument for them
can be that something is solid, healthy, practical, Polish, and that it has a
reasonable price, but never that something is fashionable, extravagant, or
foreign.
This type is more common in following DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS: At least 30 years
old, most often 40+, rather average income.
5. FRUSTRATED
Advocates of a consumer lifestyle, but which they're unable to lead (on the
scale they dream of) due to insufficient material means. An extreme disparity
between very high consumer aspirations and very limited possibilities of
satisfying them. Hence their rebellious attitudes, declared nonconformism, the
rejection of middle-class values, and a questioning of the order in which they
don't occupy the top positions. They'd like to compensate for their modest
position with ostentatious consumption. They're ready to borrow to have things
which for them are status symbols. In this hysteria they make mistakes, and are
constantly dissatisfied with their choices. What counts in a product for them is
the effect, the impression, and not the country of origin, the actual quality,
or having the authentic brand. They are susceptible to advertising, and pay
attention to fashion trends.
This type is more common in following DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS: 20-30 years old,
low income, vocational and secondary level of education, farmers and low-level
white collar workers.
6. TRADITIONALISTS
Distinguished by a very traditionalist outlook, their system of values based
on extreme moral rigor combined with a conviction that the church's role in
Poland is insufficient. They have a certain inclination towards populism (here:
egalitarianism + xenophobia). However, they are not only listeners of Radio
Maryja (older people with severe judgements), but also younger people defending
their helplessness in the face of the outside world with their harsh assessment
of "contemporary depravity", i.e. the decay of national, religious, peasant, and
socialist values etc. They avoid emotions the most of all groups, and are
against socialising. They emphatically reject consumption for show and current
fashion, and show no cultural interests. As for behaviour on the market, they
show strong consumer ethnocentrism, a lack of interest in brand products, but
due to little involvement in the consumer market neither do they experience any
related neurotic states. Another symptom of their market alienation is their
inclination towards self-sufficiency; they prefer making something themselves
than buying it.
This type is more common in following DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS: older, low level of
education, and low income.
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